Research

Research Library

Where the knowledge this platform relies on comes from: research bodies, journals, programmes and the themes on which the evidence is strong, mixed or weak. Not a decorative bibliography but an account of the evidence base.

Type
Themes and evidence strength

Sources and institutions

Research and professional bodyEurope

EuroFM

European network of FM research, education and practice, with an annual research conference and published proceedings.

Use it for
Current European research, cross-country comparison and access to researchers who contribute to standards.
Caution
Conference contributions vary in peer review; do not treat proceedings as automatically equivalent to journal articles.
eurofm.org
Research and professional bodyGlobal, weighted to North America

IFMA / IFMA Foundation

Professional association with certification, the Global Job Task Analysis and research reports through the IFMA Foundation.

Use it for
Competency frameworks, occupational data and historical documentation of the discipline.
Caution
The association is an interested party in the story it documents, particularly around its own founding history.
www.ifma.org
Research and professional bodyUnited Kingdom

IWFM

UK professional body (formerly BIFM) with professional standards, market research and practice guidance.

Use it for
UK contract and sourcing practice, including the managing agent and total FM traditions.
Caution
Closely tied to UK legislation and market structure; not transferable to continental Europe without translation.
www.iwfm.org.uk
Research and professional bodyNetherlands

FMN

Dutch professional association for facility management, with trade publications, knowledge networks and market research.

Use it for
Dutch terminology such as regieorganisatie and demandorganisatie, and public procurement practice.
Caution
Trade publications are rarely peer reviewed; use them as evidence of practice and terminology, not of effect.
fmn.nl
Standards bodyInternational

ISO/TC 267

Technical committee developing and maintaining the ISO 41000 family.

Use it for
Current standard status, work programmes and the direction of international consensus.
Caution
Consensus is not evidence. A standard records what participants find acceptable, not what empirically works.
www.iso.org/committee/652901.html
Standards bodyEurope

CEN/TC 348

European technical committee behind the EN 15221 line and the consolidation into EN 15221-8:2025.

Use it for
European process and taxonomy concepts, and national adoption deadlines.
Caution
Withdrawn parts circulate in contracts and manuals for years; always check the version in force.
standards.cencenelec.eu
Academic journalInternational

Facilities (Emerald)

The longest-running academic journal focused specifically on facility management.

Use it for
Peer-reviewed research on work environment, service delivery, maintenance and FM organisation.
Caution
Many studies are case-based with small samples; do not generalise to other sectors or countries.
www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/0263-2772
Academic journalInternational

Journal of Facilities Management

Peer-reviewed journal on the management, operation and performance of buildings and services.

Use it for
Maintenance strategy, performance measurement, sourcing and the organisation of the FM function.
Caution
Terminology differs per author; check whether 'FM' in a study means the function or only service delivery.
www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/1472-5967
Academic journalInternational, open access

Buildings & Cities

Open-access journal on building performance, energy, comfort and the use of the built environment.

Use it for
Performance gap between design and use, indoor environment, energy in operation.
Caution
Strongly building-oriented; the organisational side of FM barely features.
journal-buildingscities.org
Programme and research groupNetherlands

Nederlandse opleidingen en lectoraten

Facility management programmes and applied research groups at institutions including Hanze, Saxion, Breda University and The Hague University, producing practice-oriented research in the Dutch context.

Use it for
Regieorganisatie, hospitality, public procurement and Dutch professional practice.
Caution
Much output is Dutch-language and practice-oriented; hard to find internationally and rarely replicable.
Programme and research groupEurope

Europese onderzoeksgroepen

Research groups in Denmark, Norway, Finland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, among others, connecting FM with real estate, workplace and building performance.

Use it for
Workplace research, user satisfaction and the link between FM and corporate real estate.
Caution
National context often drives the outcome; always read results against local labour market and legislation.
Benchmark and data collectionInternational

Commerciële benchmarks

Cost data and performance comparisons from consultancies, trade bodies and providers.

Use it for
Order-of-magnitude cost and broad market movement.
Caution
Definitions of area, scope and overhead differ per participant. Without a shared measurement standard a benchmark mostly measures definitional differences — precisely the warning in the withdrawn EN 15221-7.

Themes and evidence strength

Indoor environment and performance

Strong evidence

What is reasonably established

Temperature, ventilation and air quality demonstrably affect complaints, absence and cognitive task performance. This is one of the few FM-relevant domains with repeated, controlled studies.

What is not established

Translation into euros per employee is uncertain. Effect sizes vary widely by task, population and climate.

Maintenance strategy and service life

Mixed evidence

What is reasonably established

For critical plant with known failure patterns, condition-based maintenance demonstrably yields less unplanned downtime than purely calendar-driven maintenance.

What is not established

The widely cited savings percentages come mostly from vendor material. For non-critical assets the business case is often weaker than presented.

Outsourcing and performance

Weak evidence

What is reasonably established

Studies indicate the quality of the client function correlates more strongly with outcome than the sourcing form itself.

What is not established

There is no reliable evidence that IFM or TFM structurally outperforms bundling or single-service. Comparisons are rarely corrected for scope, baseline and selection effects.

Workplace satisfaction and productivity

Mixed evidence

What is reasonably established

Satisfaction with the work environment can be measured reliably and correlates with indoor climate, acoustics and control over one's own workspace.

What is not established

Self-reported productivity is not productivity. Claims of percentage productivity gains from redesign rarely rest on a controlled basis.

Digitalisation, CAFM and digital twins

Weak evidence

What is reasonably established

Reliable asset and space data are a precondition for almost every other improvement. That is broadly supported.

What is not established

The return on digital twins in operation has barely been independently researched. Almost all published cases come from parties with a commercial interest.

Sustainability in operation

Mixed evidence

What is reasonably established

The gap between designed and actual energy use is large and well documented; operation and behaviour explain a substantial part of it.

What is not established

Which facility interventions structurally deliver the most effect differs per building and climate. Generic measure lists have little predictive value.

Open research questions

  1. 01

    Is there a measurable difference in outcome between a regieorganisatie and a demand organisation, or does only the location of the work shift?

  2. 02

    What is the minimum internal knowledge level below which a client can no longer assess an FM contract?

  3. 03

    Does ISO 41001 certification demonstrably produce better facility outcomes, or mainly better documentation?

  4. 04

    How does the handover cliff between design and operation relate to measurable building performance over the life cycle?

Last reviewed: 2026-08-23